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 25 Question Re Thrust/Drag (Read 13822 times)
audiohavoc
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #15 - Mar 12th, 2011 at 5:44pm
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CoolP wrote on Mar 12th, 2011 at 5:25pm:
Tight schedule there, audiohavoc, staying at 220 kts till only 10nm out.
I'm mostly catching the LOC at 180/flaps 5 and get down to 160kts/flaps 15 when going for the GS capture and following.
When it starts to point down, flaps 25 and the gear are deployed and when within 5nm to the airport, I'm looking for the final config (flaps 30) and speed.

The freely available docs describe this procedure when approaching with a coupled ILS and the "high" speed of 160 kts until 5nm out gives you enough motion to stay within the ATC's planning at busy airports as they mostly get upset when slowing down too soon.
As said, I think that 220 until 10nm out is very, very fast and the LOC capture (which should have happened well before this point) won't be that much fun for the old AP installation on the 727.

But I'm no Pro here, so correct me if I'm wrong. I'm just roughly following those mentioned docs and would fly higher speeds only with special planes (Concorde) or with the very heavy ones (747 loaded or so, not the 727 though).


220 is fast, I should have put 190-200.  It is a challenge though to practice some fast approaches, and the 727 generates a lot of drag with the gear out and flaps 30, and this can make fast approaches easier to handle than some of the more aerodynamic aircraft.
  

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CoolP
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #16 - Mar 12th, 2011 at 7:52pm
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I fully agree on the drag ability of all the stuff on the 727. But despite the fact that she's able to slow down fast, this "jumping through the settings" would enable quite some hurry on the approach in my eyes.
As one should proceed calm and with enough time to react on possible errors, the slightly slower but more stable technique with the plane getting configured with enough time in between seems more promising to me.

I just thought about how I got "my" approach speeds, and please don't see my comments as critique on yours (which now also include the "190" setting).
I think that ATC talks you down to around 190 knots when they expect you to intercept the LOC. I heard those speeds most of the time when flying online and also remember hearing them on various cockpit videos.
Exceptions would be (at least online) a special/very heavy plane, but even the non-flap Concorde goes for 210-190 there (tends more to 210 though) and all the heavy stuff (or the bad slow-flyers, which would could be a 707 for example) seemed to aim for a max. of 190 then, mostly 180, to enable a smooth and stable LOC capture, being a very vital part on every precise approach.

They stay out at a min. of 160 knots then, until 5nm or so, for the ATC reasons given in the last post. So there's a range of 190 down to 160 for all approach related things in vicinity of being "final", while you slow down to your very special ref speed when being below 5nm out.

I've picked an example picture from the nice 727 docs from Matt Zagoren to show that the pre-landing config gets set soon while the speeds drop down real fast, especially when trying to catch one of those guidance signals (LOG and GS later).


So you can see a constant set-check-set-check cycle there, allowing to abort the thing when necessary and without getting in some sort of rush. I prefer it like this, I have to admit.
Maybe the real Captains around can offer their view on this too.

There will be exceptions around the planet of course, where this or that happens in another way as the somehow standard ones. ATC clearances might be one of them and I saw some EDDF controllers allowing the approach with no speed limits at all to enable some very fast descent before but also running the risk of getting the new pilots into the mentioned rush later.
In the rw (where this technique seems to come from), only Pros are flying, but in the sim, new pilots are more common. I'm often enough one of them.  Undecided

For us 727 flyers, the rather slow reacting AP is another factor to consider. Overshooting the LOC is more likely to happen when you're above 180 knots I think.
  
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ddo2
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #17 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 2:21pm
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I posted this issue in a different thread, too, that approach in the 727 is extremely difficult, and I'm not sure if its the model or the related issues with the pitch control and yoke oscillations.  When I try to fly an approach at under 160, it dives like brick.   If I pitch for 160 and then try to find the right power to hold it, it is difficult to fly.  I've tried hand flying it, and that's tricky too, because the initial increase in power tends to first decrease vertical speed and then increase.   I'm a real world pilot, so I know how to fly, but this thing can be tricky on approach.

Its been suggested to me elsewhere that you should fly the approaches much faster (as noted above as well), but that shouldn't be the only solution, as trying to shoot an ILS at 200 when others are doing 180 or less is going to make you unpopular with ATC.
  
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David Paul
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #18 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 4:00pm
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ddo2 wrote on Mar 14th, 2011 at 2:21pm:
I posted this issue in a different thread, too, that approach in the 727 is extremely difficult, and I'm not sure if its the model or the related issues with the pitch control and yoke oscillations.  When I try to fly an approach at under 160, it dives like brick.   If I pitch for 160 and then try to find the right power to hold it, it is difficult to fly.  I've tried hand flying it, and that's tricky too, because the initial increase in power tends to first decrease vertical speed and then increase.   I'm a real world pilot, so I know how to fly, but this thing can be tricky on approach.

Its been suggested to me elsewhere that you should fly the approaches much faster (as noted above as well), but that shouldn't be the only solution, as trying to shoot an ILS at 200 when others are doing 180 or less is going to make you unpopular with ATC.  


That's pretty weird.  Even before I solved the wildly oscillating yoke problem with Acceleration, I could still fly fine ILS or visual approaches at 150-160 knots at flaps 15 or 25, no problem.  Are you using flaps?
  


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ddo2
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #19 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 4:26pm
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Yup, I'm using flaps.    But, it still has a tendency to nose dive on approach.  I've tried pitching up with more power, pitching down with more power (the usual approach to a slow flight problems of being too slow and going down too quickly), and every other combo thereof.
  
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CoolP
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #20 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 4:50pm
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Sounds strange to me too (meaning that I haven't experienced your mentioned problems yet, ddo2). Before and after the flight model mod the 727 was a good handflyer and worked well on the precision approaches.
I recently did some touch&go training in the way I described earlier in this thread and everything worked fine, following the speeds in the additional docs (which are a great source together with using the FDE mod).

Can you try again or post your payload layout maybe?
I often had a fully loaded cargo -200 in the air (all containers are in), and around 45% of fuel, giving me around 69 tons to handle.
My MAC was in the operational range then and I was able to really follow the docs for landing her. Compared to handflying the 707, the 727 is a real charming planing while her older sister requires some work on the yokes.
From what I know, this matches the character of those two planes. 727 = fun, 707 = work.

Here's a quote from the fine docs regarding the 727 nose down tendency on the approach.
Quote:
BEFORE LANDING/APPROACH
The speeds recommended for each flap setting allow considerable margin above stall for normal
maneuvering and place the airplane in the most desirable attitude during final approach (about 3°
to 4° nose-up).  Flap extension on the 727 pitches the airplane nose-down, especially when going
from 15° to 40° of flaps.
 The use of Ref +10 throughout final approach to touchdown will normally
provide the most stable flight and desired airspeed.  When gusty surface winds are affecting the
airspeed needle, add the airspeed needle bounce to the Reference speed; e.g., if needle is
bouncing plus or minus 10 knots and Reference speed for existing gross weight is 120 knots, fly 130
knots as adjusted approach speed.  Total airspeed correction shall not exceed 20 knots.

BEFORE LANDING
BEFORE DECELERATING FROM: START LOWERING FLAPS TO:
200 kts 2°
190 kts 5°
160 kts 15°
150 kts 25°
140 kts 30°/40°
Add 10 knots to above if aircraft is above 152,000 lbs; add 20 knots if aircraft is above 176,000 lbs.
  
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LOU
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #21 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 5:51pm
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I fly the approach in the 727 at landing weight of 130,000# or so & flaps 30 degrees at 125 to 130 KTS.

No problem at this speed - EVER!

Trying to land this plane at 160 or 180 KTS is way too fast! You would land on the nose wheel.

How would you stop without burning up the brakes or running off the end of the runway?

Lou
  

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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #22 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 6:09pm
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Since Lou has quite some real world background there, which makes it easier for him to determine the speeds, I once again recommend the fine docs for the 727 for all the other guys (including me) to get some hints on the speeds and settings.
See this nice diagram and also the table for the Reference Speeds here for example, perfectly matching Lou's experience and also fitting nicely to the 727 in the sim.



Lou, I'm wondering if, apart from speed tables and calculations, the 727 could be flown "AoA" of some kind.
So If I know the normal pitch attitude of the plane at final, I could adjust the power to fit that pitch (and descend rate) and would automatically be on the correct speed for landing at that weight without ever watching the Airspeed Indicator or knowing about the weight.
Am I right from theory there or is this something which doesn't work at all?
  
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David Paul
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #23 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 6:27pm
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I should clarify my post-- when I say 150-160 kts when I am flying approach, I mean the earlier stages before capturing the ils and glideslope.  Once I am dialed in on the localizer, I slow down a bit, then slow down some more to 130-135 when on the glideslope.
  


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audiohavoc
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #24 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 7:19pm
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ddo2 wrote on Mar 14th, 2011 at 2:21pm:
I posted this issue in a different thread, too, that approach in the 727 is extremely difficult, and I'm not sure if its the model or the related issues with the pitch control and yoke oscillations.  When I try to fly an approach at under 160, it dives like brick.   If I pitch for 160 and then try to find the right power to hold it, it is difficult to fly.  I've tried hand flying it, and that's tricky too, because the initial increase in power tends to first decrease vertical speed and then increase.   I'm a real world pilot, so I know how to fly, but this thing can be tricky on approach.

Its been suggested to me elsewhere that you should fly the approaches much faster (as noted above as well), but that shouldn't be the only solution, as trying to shoot an ILS at 200 when others are doing 180 or less is going to make you unpopular with ATC.  


What is your gross weight when this situation occurs?
  

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LOU
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #25 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 8:21pm
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CoolP,

Even though the 727 had an AOA probe, our planes did not display AOA to the pilot. The AOA information was sent to the stall computer and generated stall warning to the pilot. We did have a slow/fast pointer in the ADI that was part of the stall computer, but it was just used as a check to see how the speed for the flap setting looked.

The 727 at around 130,000# and at 130KTS ( just a bit fast ) would have about a three degree nose up attitude while on glide slope.
The highest pitch angle - in level flight -  was 10 degrees nose up, with flaps 5 degrees at 180 or so KTS. We tried not to fly around too much at this high deck angle since it was not easy to see traffic.

Having never flown with AOA I can't say what would happen exactly, but it stands to reason that at a certain weight and power setting you could fly a pitch angle and do pretty well flying the plane. This was a procedure we had in case we lost our airspeed indicators or loss of the radome.

Lou
  

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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #26 - Mar 14th, 2011 at 8:40pm
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Quote:
This was a procedure we had in case we lost our airspeed indicators or loss of the radome.

That situation came to my mind when looking for a reason to go via Pitch and descend rate only.
Thanks for the explanations, Lou.
  
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Re: Question Re Thrust/Drag
Reply #27 - Mar 15th, 2011 at 1:55pm
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Based on the comments above, I went back and reset my weights in the 100.  I set 59 passengers and about 5 cargo boxes.   Weight was about 16500 in passengers/cargo.  Then loaded 20% fuel in all three tanks and did some loops around KDCA.  MUCH better.  (Didn't bring the total weights and don't have them in front of me, but you get the idea.)  Now I need to test it in flight where the AP has been on, so I can see if part of it is the yoke oscillations.  But, was able to fly a stable approach at 140ish and do a couple T&Gs and a full stop. 

Thanks all!
  
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