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 25 Flaps & Slats (Read 26437 times)
LOU
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #15 - Mar 25th, 2010 at 1:37pm
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JP is right - the EPR is low in the model.

Bruce, try this... after takeoff and clean-up of the flaps, turn on the autopilot and control the pitch with the turn & pitch knob. Adjust you view so you can see the trim wheel (zoom out) and out the window. Make small pitch down inputs to the autopilot and you will see small movements to the trim wheel. Out of 10,000 pitch over to climb out at 280 to 300 KTS. Remember, the 727 was called "The Pig" by pilots because it was slow in the climb. The 757 climbs better on one engine than the 727 did with ALL engines running!

I'm not sure what is happening to you during the last part of the autopilot approach. I have tried several autopilot approaches both in G/S Auto and in G/S Manual. Most times it does OK. The key seems to be, as in the real thing, don't rush the approach, get on speed and stay there by small power changes. Flaps 30 or 40 should not make a difference, just more thrust with flaps 40. Every time you change power the speed changes then the pitch changes and the autopilot gets behind and starts chasing the pitch, and there goes the approach.

Remember, what JP said in an earlier post. The airline school was 4 months long, then the sim, then oral, etc. And we were already pilots. You guys do a great job with your flying, and you learn more each time you fly or discuss problems with others. Keep it up!

Lou
  

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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #16 - Mar 25th, 2010 at 4:45pm
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Gents -

Where to start? I usually turn on the AP soon after gear & flaps up. At about 3000ft I turn off the HDG Hold and turn on VOR/LOC and switch from NAV to GPS. Now the AP is flying the GPS flt pln and I can concentrate on just power and climb rate. I have the elevator trim programed to the left yoke switch below the Hat Switch (Saitek yoke). I try to keep it trimmed at about 2000-2200 fpm on the VSI. Up to about 15-18000 there is plenty of power (I don't know anything about epr and fuel flow etc). But from there on the throttles are firewalled and I have to keep leveling off for a few minutes to let the power get back up over 200kts. If I'm IFR ATC is constantly on my butt to expedite my climb, so I switch channels! Now I'm VFR. It takes forever to get to fl320! Once there and I get back up to 300kts (.8 Mach) all is well.

No problem with the AP on GS Auto picking up the coupled approach. Localizer activates and so does the glide slope. I try to keep the airspeed properly set according to weight and flap settings using small inputs as you say, but at approximately 1000-800 ft agl the nose comes up (even if power setting is correct at about 125kts-135k lbs & flaps 30) and I have to disengage the AP and push the nose down , add some power and then the dance begins! Seems at first I'm in good shape aligned with the runway and I get to 2 red & 2 white. Then the darn runway starts moving around It really seems that there is some sort of programming twist that keeps me from getting back to perfect alignment with the center line. I usually get it on the ground but left of the center line. People yelling and screaming in the back end!! They make me nervous---I think I'll buy the freighter!!  Embarrassed

JP - I don't know what a TOLD card is or how to use it, but if you think that will help I take one!! Is that something you clip on the yoke clip board?

Here's a short video of the landing in STL after I aborted the first attempt and hand flew from there on. I didn't save the flt this time so I'll fly an ATL/STL flight today and try it again. This time I'll save it just prior to intercepting the localizer for 30L.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrbrcX02_BQ

Bruce




  
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LOU
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #17 - Mar 25th, 2010 at 7:05pm
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Where to start? I usually turn on the AP soon after gear & flaps up. At about 3000ft I turn off the HDG Hold and turn on VOR/LOC and switch from NAV to GPS. Now the AP is flying the GPS flt pln and I can concentrate on just power and climb rate. I have the elevator trim programed to the left yoke switch below the Hat Switch (Saitek yoke). I try to keep it trimmed at about 2000-2200 fpm on the VSI. Up to about 15-18000 there is plenty of power (I don't know anything about epr and fuel flow etc). But from there on the throttles are firewalled and I have to keep leveling off for a few minutes to let the power get back up over 200kts. If I'm IFR ATC is constantly on my butt to expedite my climb, so I switch channels! Now I'm VFR. It takes forever to get to fl320! Once there and I get back up to 300kts (.8 Mach) all is well.

Bruce,
What T/O weight?
I takeoff at 135,000 to 140,000 # - remember what LP said about needing 11,000' of runway at JFK - these engines are not producing full power at takeoff, so I guess they are low during climb. At the lower weight it seems to climb alright for me. Figure 10,000# of fuel per hour - plus some reserve. LGA to STL is under two hours, so I use 30,000# with no alternate.

In your climb through the teens, don't get slow. Climb at 280 to 300 KTS. You'll just have to accept the pig in climb. The engines produce more thrust as you go faster.

Above FL 180 you need to be IFR in positive control airspace.


No problem with the AP on GS Auto picking up the coupled approach. Localizer activates and so does the glide slope. I try to keep the airspeed properly set according to weight and flap settings using small inputs as you say, but at approximately 1000-800 ft agl the nose comes up (even if power setting is correct at about 125kts-135k lbs & flaps 30) and I have to disengage the AP and push the nose down , add some power and then the dance begins! Seems at first I'm in good shape aligned with the runway and I get to 2 red & 2 white. Then the darn runway starts moving around It really seems that there is some sort of programming twist that keeps me from getting back to perfect alignment with the center line. I usually get it on the ground but left of the center line. People yelling and screaming in the back end!! They make me nervous---I think I'll buy the freighter!!

Let 'em scream! They bought a ticket, give 'em a ride !  Grin

I looked at the video, did you have 40 degrees of flap???
It looked like a lot of flap.

I saw the pitch up around 700', but you did a good job of keeping it on visual glide slope. I noticed the G/S flag so I guess you were on STL VOR using it for DME.

You looked real good to around 50 feet when you let the left wing drop a few degrees. That's all it takes to start a drift to the left and that's what got you over to the left side I think.

You can't slip the 727 very much since the leading edge flaps and trailing edge flaps will scrape the runway with about 5 degrees bank and a firm touchdown. You crab the 727 to landing and just keep the wings level as you feed in rudder to align the aircraft to the runway. In a strong crosswind the procedure is:
1. CRAB
2. FLARE - usually add power as well at this point.
3. ALIGN

In the 757 you can slip it like a Cub since the wings are way up off the ground and the engines also clear with plenty to spare. The autopilot in autoland slips to a landing and does such a good job it makes you sick because it can fly better than you!!!
  

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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #18 - Mar 25th, 2010 at 10:06pm
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Lou-

I believe TO weight was 146k. I can see that I need to lighten the load a bit.

"Let 'em scream! They bought a ticket, give 'em a ride!" Now that is really funny!!! My wife came and asked what I was laughing at!

The NAV1 radio was tuned to the 30L ILS frequency. I just disengaged the AP and left everything as it was. And yes I was at flaps 40, which I didn't think I was---till I got on the ground.

Awhile ago I set up and ATL/STL flt. I set the fuel with full wing tanks and the center tank at empty. Total weight was right at 150k. While holding short at the active I noticed engine 2 was not running!! CTRL-E would not start it. I reset the flt with 10,000lbs in all 3 tanks and then all engines were running. I still had to nurse it from the mid teens up to fl320, but not near as tedious as yesterday. I think JP hit on the problem when he asked if all the engines were running! I think not!! I think I flew the whole trip on 2 engines including the go around.

Right now I'm paused at fl320 and 295kts. I'm 170 miles from STL and my weight is 139k and I've got 22,800 lbs of gas left. I also cleared all AI traffic out so it's just atc and me the rest of the way. When I resume I will file IFR and get clearance. Then I'll start sweating again! I think I had better buy everyone in the back a couple drinks on TWA?  Grin

Ooops, I just re-read about being IFR above 180!

Crab-Flare-Align. I'll remember that!! Thanks again for all the good advice and help!

Bruce

  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #19 - Mar 25th, 2010 at 10:38pm
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Standard configuration for fuel feeding is tank to engine. Tank #1/3 should never contain more fuel than tank #2.
Sometimes tanks # 1/3 are full and you need to carry more fuel in tank #2. TO is always tank to engine. Then on the climb you should set up the crossfeed operation for tank #2 to supply fuel to all engines until the fuel quantity is equal in all 3 tanks then stop the crossfeed operation and resume tank to engine feed.

For the engineer to start a crossfeed...
1. Inform the captain you are begining a crossfeed
2. Continuous ignition ON
3. All crossfeeds valves open
4. Confirm blue Valve In Transit lights illuminate then extinguish
5. Boost pumps off in tank #1
6. Boost pump low pressue lights illuminated
6. Observe #1 fuel flow guage and monitor EPR for normal engine ops
7. Boost pumps off in than #3
8. Boost pump low pressure lights illuminated
9. Observe #3 fuel flow guage and monitor EPR for normal engine ops
10. Add fuel burn (lbs per hour) on the 3 fuel flow gauges
11. Calculate how long it will take to burn of desired fuel and note time to stop crossfeeed

  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #20 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 12:20am
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btscott wrote on Mar 25th, 2010 at 4:45pm:
I have the elevator trim programed to the left yoke switch below the Hat Switch (Saitek yoke).

Hi Bruce.

I have the elevator trim set to two of the buttons on my Logitech Extreme 3D Pro joystick (I know. It's a cheapie!). The thing that I find is that once the A/P AIL and ELEV switches are turned on, I can't control the pitch with my assigned buttons on my joystick, the A/P overrides my changes. Could this be the reason the plane is struggling to climb? I have to use the trim UP and DOWN buttons on the A/P to get the changes I need. I always use the 2D A/P panel because even if I look around the cockpit, it is always in view (@ Lou & JP - I know it's cheating). Another thing is, if I undock it, it goes to every camera view I switch to.

Mark

EDIT: I just thought that maybe you DON'T turn on the A/P ELEV switch, which might allow you to use the programmed buttons on your yoke.
  

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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #21 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 1:14am
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You don't fly a plane with trim. The trim should not be used when the autopilot is on. The SP-50 Block IV autopilot has it's own trim system and independant drive motor. If you want to bring the nose up then you need to use the pitch contro lon the autopilot panel.

As Lou already mentioned you should climb with refrence to airspeed not FPM. 280-310 kts is usually used as climb speed. If you can't maintain at least a 500' per min climb rate you have to notify ATC of this.
  
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LOU
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #22 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 2:21am
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Quick review of fuel use in the 727

During fueling, the three tanks are filled EQUALLY until the wings shutoff (full). The rest of the fuel is placed in the #2 tank.

If the center tank quantity is greater than tanks 1 & 2 :

1. Start ALL engines tank-to-engine. (center x-feed valve open to keep fuel pressure in the cross feed manifold - 1 & 3 x-feed closed)
2. After takeoff, and before 3,000# are burned, start a X-feed feeding ALL engines from tank 2.
  (see JP's F/E checklist - nothing is done with out crew coordination - EVER!)
3. When tanks are equal, return to tank-to-engine.

I talked about this in another post. Two things to remember about the fuel system.

1. Swept wing - wing tank fuel is aft of center tank so the above fuel use is for balance.
2. Center -big tank! Center fuel tank must be equal or greater than wing tanks for structural reasons.
   Bruce, think of the mass of the fuel in the center tank pushing out while the wing tanks are pushing in.
   In your case with wings full and center empty the structure would fail.
   NOTE: CS-727 fuel seems to have an error in that if a tank goes dry, even though the cross feeds are opened
   and the boost pumps are on in the supply tank, the engine quits. Not so in the real plane. In fact, the
   engines - in most cases - will suction feed without the boost pumps as long as the cross feed is opened.

   Do not attempt this at home!  Cheesy
   
   During flight test, we would go through all sorts of weird checks (no screamers on board) and it always amazed me how well this post
   WW II plane did. Remember the CS-727 is a game and not always exact, but it is still - for the money - a very cool simulator.

Also, NEVER use ELECTRIC trim input with the autopilot engaged. To do so in the real plane would trip off the autopilot.
You could use manual trim, but why? The autopilot will do a good job if you have the plane trimmed before you engage it.
Most of the 727 were bent and needed some rudder or aileron trim - that's OK since it is manual.

I just flew a few ILS approaches using the autopilot. I left the autopilot engaged to about 50 feet and for the most part it did a good job. I even had the plane out of trim to see what it would do and after a few oscillations it settled down and flew the approach. The flight director, as far as I can, tell does nothing much but follow the horizon.

Bruce, your videos are great! Keep it up.

Lou
   
  

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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #23 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 2:47am
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Mark/JP/Lou  -  

Well! You may have exposed a flaw in my systems management. I use trim up/down the entire way with the AP on. There is no VSI Hold. Huh! Now what? I will re-read all this tomorrow and re-assess in the sober light of day (cocktails and dinner just concluded here)! Hmm. Earlier, Lou mentioned using the *Turn & Pitch Knob*--maybe that's my problem!? Have not done that yet.

Well, it's too late for serious business, so I'll just kick back and listen to some of my favorite music! Take a listen:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4TRSYhrEJE&NR=1

I'll catch up tomorrow!

Bruce
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #24 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 3:15am
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The 727 is bare bones flying. When pilots were pilots.  Grin

Use the pitch control on the autopilot to hold 280-310 kts. Rememebr the 250 kt speed limit below 10,000 feet MSL (mean sea level). Keep the airspeed below 250 kts below 10,000 then pitch the nose over at 10,000 MSL and accelerate to your climb speed. All but ignore the VSI. As long as it's over 500' per min your OK.
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #25 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 4:06am
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But, them pilots was trained pilots too!

Yup, I'm schooled on the 250kt limit up to 10,000 with landing lights off above etc.

In the more modern default and freeware planes there is a VSI hold so all you have to do is pay attention to the speed. In this guy I have been struggling with the VSI (electrically?) (AP on) with the throttles mostly firewalled over fl180. I'll try it with just the throttles and no electric trimming, just the manual turn and pitch knob. Have no clue how that works though.

Lou, if I can get down to 50ft on the glide slope with the AP on I would be quite happy. That tells me CS has it pretty much correct. I will work to achieve that goal.

Why did they make this so hard? (must have been the pilots union)  Cheesy
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #26 - Mar 26th, 2010 at 4:22am
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Hey.... if it was easy everyone would be doing it!  Smiley
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #27 - Mar 31st, 2010 at 10:59am
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JETPILOT wrote on Mar 25th, 2010 at 11:48am:
The only issue with landing at flaps 40 is noise abatment. It takes a lot of power to overcome the drag of flaps 40 and that power makes alot of noise. Planes with the Raisbeck Quiet Wing stage III modification had the flap 40 detent blocked off and a placard on the panel. You could enter flaps 40 detent if you raised the guard. Raisbeck also reconfigured the flap settings to optimize lift/drag ratio. Interestingly Raibeck did not touch the engines to meet stage III. It did lower the maximum gorss takeoff weight however and used lower EPR settings.

The TOLD card may make it easier since you know your minimum flap manouvering speeds and your approach speeds. You have to know those. Configure the card once and then always fly at the same weight.

You sure yo uhad all the engines running?  Smiley

The EPR indications aree so screwed up on this simulation. Normal TO EPR at SL at 59 farenheit is about 2.12 EPR and that's firewall power. This plane at firewall power only puts out about 1.93 EPR. The performance modelling concerning power is off as well. The 727 was not a powerful plane, but it is more powerfu lthan CS modelled it. AT MGTOW I used up about 11,000 feet of runway at 13R at JFK. That's not realistic.


JETPILOT -

One thing I noticed in the 727 config files was that the 'static thrust' was listed as the same for both the 727-100s and 727-200s.  I increased the value for the 722s to a higher figure I found online (forget what it was, something >17K lbs thrust as opposed to ~15.5K) and takeoff performance seemed to improve.

I've been exploring the propliners lately so I haven't explored it much.
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #28 - Apr 5th, 2010 at 9:16pm
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I had no idea about not exhausting the center tank, I am used to operating the 737 and 747 in the sim. So I will fill up all 3 tanks equally and let them feed their respective engines.
  
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Re: Flaps & Slats
Reply #29 - Apr 5th, 2010 at 10:21pm
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Thanks Matt.

Tank to engine is correct unless you need to carry more fuel in tank # 2.
  
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